- 電容器的簡易檢測方法
在(zai)沒(mei)有特(te)殊儀表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)條件下，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)好壞和質量高低可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)進行檢測(ce)，并(bing)加以(yi)(yi)判斷。容(rong)(rong)(rong)量大(1μF以(yi)(yi)上)的(de)(de)(de)固定電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)可用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔(dang)(R×1000)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)兩電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)針(zhen)應(ying)向阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)小的(de)(de)(de)方向擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)(dong)，然后慢慢回擺(bai)(bai)至∞附近。接(jie)著交(jiao)換測(ce)試棒再試一(yi)次，看表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)針(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)(dong)情況，擺(bai)(bai)幅越大，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量越大。若(ruo)測(ce)試棒一(yi)直碰(peng)觸電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)引線，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)針(zhen)應(ying)指在(zai)∞附近，否則(ze)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明(ming)(ming)該電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有漏電(dian)(dian)現象，其電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)越小，說明(ming)(ming)漏電(dian)(dian)量越大，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)質量差；如在(zai)測(ce)量時表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)針(zhen)根本不(bu)動(dong)(dong)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明(ming)(ming)此電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)已失效或斷路；如果表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)針(zhen)擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)(dong)，但不(bu)能回到起始點，則(ze)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)漏電(dian)(dian)量較大，其質量不(bu)佳。
對于容(rong)量(liang)較小的電(dian)容(rong)器，用萬用表(biao)來測(ce)量(liang)往(wang)往(wang)看不出表(biao)針擺動，此時，可以借(jie)助一個外加直(zhi)流電(dian)壓和用萬用表(biao)直(zhi)流電(dian)壓檔進行測(ce)量(liang)，其方法如圖1所示，即把萬用表(biao)調到(dao)相應的直(zhi)流電(dian)壓檔，負(黑(hei))測(ce)試(shi)棒接直(zhi)流電(dian)源(yuan)負極，正(zheng)(紅(hong))測(ce)試(shi)棒接被測(ce)的電(dian)容(rong)器一端(duan)，另一端(duan)接電(dian)源(yuan)正(zheng)極。
一只性能(neng)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)接通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間(jian)，萬用(yong)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)針應有(you)較大擺(bai)幅(fu)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)越大，其表(biao)針的(de)(de)(de)(de)擺(bai)幅(fu)也越大，擺(bai)動后，表(biao)針能(neng)逐漸返回零位。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源接通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間(jian)，萬用(yong)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指針不(bu)擺(bai)動，則說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)失(shi)效或(huo)斷(duan)路(lu)；若表(biao)針一直(zhi)指示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓而不(bu)作擺(bai)動，表(biao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)已被(bei)(bei)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)短路(lu)；若表(biao)針擺(bai)動正常(chang)，但不(bu)返回零位，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)有(you)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現象，所指示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓數(shu)值越高，表(biao)明(ming)(ming)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)越大。需(xu)要(yao)(yao)指出的(de)(de)(de)(de)是：測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔(fu)助直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)能(neng)超過(guo)被(bei)(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐壓，以免因測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)而造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)損壞。要(yao)(yao)想準確測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋或(huo)Q表(biao)。上(shang)述的(de)(de)(de)(de)簡易檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)方(fang)法，只能(neng)粗略判斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞。
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